Detecting Backdoor Sets with Respect to Horn and Binary Clauses

We study the parameterized complexity of detecting backdoor sets for instances of the propositional satisfiability problem (SAT) with respect to the polynomially solvable classes horn and 2-cnf. A backdoor set is a subset of variables; for a strong backdoor set, the simplified formulas resulting from any setting of these variables is in a polynomially solvable class, and for a weak backdoor set, there exists one setting which puts the satisfiable simplified formula in the class. We show that with respect to both horn and 2-cnf classes, the detection of a strong backdoor set is fixed-parameter tractable (the existence of a set of size k for a formula of length N can be decided in time f(k)NO(1)), but that the detection of a weak backdoor set is W[2]-hard, implying that this problem is not fixed-parameter tractable.